Safety Tips: Burns & Scalds

While some accidents are unavoidable, most minor burns and scalds result from unsafe actions or behaviors. Knowing how to prevent and treat burns can help minimize pain, complications and long-term damage. Burn injuries are classified according to how seriously the skin and tissue have been damaged. There are three major categories:

First-Degree Burns (Minor)

• It affects only the outermost layer of skin, causing redness but no blisters
• Painful but typically heal within two to five days, and there should be no scarring
• Treatment: Submerge the burn in cool (not ice) water for at least five minutes. Protect the area with a dry, sterile bandage

Second-Degree Burns (Moderate to Serious)

• Damage extends beyond the outer layer, causing redness, swelling, and blistering
• Typically, it heals within one to two weeks; scarring is possible
• Treatment for minor second-degree burns: Follow the same steps as for first-degree burns
• Seek medical attention if the burn covers a large area or is on the face, groin, hands or feet

Third-Degree Burns (Severe)

• Destroy all layers of skin and may affect muscles, organs or bones
• Skin may appear blackened, charred or white; nerve damage may result in little or no pain
• Always requires immediate emergency medical attention